[Ingxelo ebanzi yeGlobal Times] “indlela yaseUnited States ‘yeyona nto iphambili kwinzululwazi nobugcisa’.”Ngokuphathelele isicelo sikarhulumente wase-US sokuba iinkampani ezimbini zokuyila iitshiphu zase-US ziyeke ukuthumela iitshiphusi zekhompyutha ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu eTshayina, isithethi seSebe lezaNgaphandle laseTshayina u-Wang Wenbin uthe nge-1 kaSeptemba “i-China iyayichasa le nto.”.Amaxabiso amasheya e-NVIDIA kunye ne-AMD, achaphazeleka ngokuthe ngqo kwizithintelo ezintsha zase-US, awela ekuphenduleni.Ngomhla wama-31 ku-Agasti, behle nge-6.6% kunye ne-3.7% ngokulandelelanayo.I-NVIDIA ithe intengiso yayo enokubakho ye-400 yezigidi zeedola kule kota inokumka.Ngoku, ukusebenza kwabavelisi be-chip baseMelika kukwixesha elinzima.Njengoko u-Shu jueting, isithethi soMphathiswa wezoRhwebo e-China, wathi, indlela yase-US iyakuchaphazela kakhulu umdla wethu kumashishini.Kangangexesha elithile, iUnited States iye yazisa ngokulandelelana amanyathelo okucinezela uphuhliso lweshishini letshiphu laseTshayina.Kumanyathelo othintelo amva nje, iReuters ikholelwa ukuba "iphawula uhlaselo olukhulu lwe-United States kumthamo wezobuchwepheshe waseTshayina".Umhlalutyi wasekhaya obanjwe udliwano-ndlebe namaxesha ehlabathi ngomhla woku-1 wathi kwelinye icala, kufuneka silumke ukuba i-United States iya kuqhubeka nokubetha "i-punch edibeneyo" ngokuchasene nomzi-mveliso we-semiconductor wase-China, kodwa kwelinye icala, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-US. ukuvalwa kukwalithuba lokukhuthaza uphuhliso olongezelelweyo lwetsheyini yoshishino lwetshiphu yasekhaya, enonxibelelwano olungonelanga phakathi komlambo onyukayo nosezantsi.
I-NVIDIA yabethwa kabuhlungu kwaye yathi ibinxibelelana nabathengi baseTshayina
Ngokutsho kwewebhusayithi ye-CNBC yase-United States ingxelo ngoSeptemba 1, kuxwebhu olungeniswe kwi-US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), i-NVIDIA yathi ifumene isicelo semvume entsha evela kurhulumente wase-US ngo-Agasti 26 ukwenzela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwixesha elizayo. iitshiphusi ukuya eTshayina (kubandakanywa neHong Kong).Lo mlinganiso kuthiwa usombulula umngcipheko weemveliso ezinxulumeneyo ezisetyenziswayo okanye zijikiselwe "ukusetyenziswa kwesiphelo somkhosi" saseTshayina okanye "umsebenzisi womkhosi wokugqibela".
Ngo-Agasti 31, i-New York Times icaphune i-NVIDIA isithi amanyathelo amatsha aya kuchaphazela imveliso ekhoyo yenkampani i-A100 kunye nemveliso ye-H100 ekulindeleke ukuba iqaliswe kamva kulo nyaka.I-NVIDIA ikholelwa ukuba imimiselo karhulumente wase-US inokonakalisa amandla ayo okugqiba uphuhliso lwe-H100 ngexesha okanye ixhase abathengi abakhoyo be-A100.Kuxelwe ukuba esi sithintelo sikwasebenza naseRashiya, kodwa i-NVIDIA ayithengisi iimveliso eRashiya okwangoku.
Isithethi se-AMD sixelele iReuters ukuba inkampani ikwafumene isicelo semvume entsha kurhulumente, nto leyo eza kukhokelela ekubeni iyeke ukuthengisa iitshiphusi zobuntlola ezenziweyo eziyi-mi250 eTshayina.U-Amd ukholelwa ukuba i-chip ye-mi100 akufanele ichaphazeleke.
AbakwaReuters bathi iSebe lezoRhwebo lase-US alizukuchaza ukuba yeyiphi imigangatho emitsha ebekiweyo yokuthumela iitshiphusi ze-AI eTshayina, kodwa bathi iSebe liphonononga imigaqo-nkqubo enxulumene neTshayina kunye nezenzo zokuthintela "ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu ukuba buwele ezandleni ezingafanelekanga. abantu”.
Ngokubhekiselele kumanyathelo amatsha athathwe yi-United States, isithethi seSebe lezangaphandle laseTshayina u-Wang Wenbin uthe nge-1 kaSeptemba i-United States inezopolitiko, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo zenzululwazi, iteknoloji kunye nemiba yezoqoqosho kunye norhwebo, ibandakanyeka "kwi-technical blockade" kunye "nokudibanisa iteknoloji. ”, lilambatha lizama ukulawula ubuxhakaxhaka benzululwazi nobuchwepheshe behlabathi, likhusela inzululwazi neteknoloji yalo, kwaye lijongela phantsi ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso yehlabathi kunye nokubonelela ngentsebenziswano esondeleleneyo, nto leyo eza kusilela.
"Icala lase-US kufuneka liyeke kwangoko izenzo zalo ezigwenxa, liphathe amashishini awo onke amazwe ngokufanelekileyo, kubandakanya amashishini aseTshayina, kwaye lenze okungakumbi ukuxhamla uzinzo lwezoqoqosho lwehlabathi."Kwangolo suku lunye, uShu jueting, isithethi seSebe lezoRhwebo laseTshayina, naye waphendula kulo mba.
Njengoko uShu jueting watshoyo, indlela yase-US ayizukonakalisa kuphela amalungelo asemthethweni kunye nomdla wamashishini aseTshayina, kodwa iya kuchaphazela kakhulu umdla wamashishini aseMelika.I-Wall Street Journal yathi nge-1 kaSeptemba ukuba i-NVIDIA yeyona nto ibalulekileyo eyenza i-chip e-United States, kwaye ilawula imarike kwintsimi yeetshiphusi zobukrelekrele bokwenziwa.Nangona kunjalo, ukuqaliswa kommiselo omtsha eWashington kuza ngexesha elinzima kubenzi be-chip.Ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaxabiso okunzulu kunye nokuwohloka kwamathemba ezoqoqosho, amandla okusebenzisa abantu aye athintelwa, kwaye imfuno yeekhompyuter, imidlalo yevidiyo, ii-smartphones kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane ziye zehla.
I-NVIDIA ithe kwisiteyitimenti ukuba inxibelelana nabathengi baseTshayina ukuze basebenzise ezinye iimveliso zenkampani ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo ezicwangcisiweyo okanye ezizayo zokuthenga.Inkampani iceba ukufaka isicelo kurhulumente wase-US malunga nokukhululwa okufanelekileyo kokuthumela ngaphandle, kodwa "akukho siqinisekiso" sokuba iya kuvunywa.I-CNBC ithe ukuba amashishini aseTshayina athatha isigqibo sokungazithengi ezinye iimveliso ezinikezwe yi-NVIDIA, le yokugqibela iya kuphulukana ne-400 yezigidi zeedola kwiintengiso kule kota.I-NVIDIA kwiveki ephelileyo iqikelele ukuba ukuthengisa kwikota yesithathu yalo nyaka kuya kuhla nge-17% unyaka nonyaka ukuya kwi-5.9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.Ngokwengxelo yemali ekhutshwe yinkampani, ingeniso yayo yonke kunyaka-mali odlulileyo yayiyi-26.91 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US, kwaye ingeniso yayo e-China (kuquka i-Hong Kong) yayiyi-7.11 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US, ezibalelwa kwi-26.4%.
Ngokutsho kweWall Street Journal, i-NVIDIA ikholelwa ukuba nokuba urhulumente wase-US uyakuvuma ukukhululwa kwamanye amazwe, abakhuphisana nabo banokuzuza kuyo, njengababoneleli be-semiconductor abavela e-China, e-Israel nakumazwe aseYurophu, kuba "inkqubo yelayisensi iya kwenza umsebenzi wethu wokuthengisa kunye nenkxaso. intsonkothe ngakumbi kwaye ayiqinisekanga, kwaye ikhuthaza abathengi baseTshayina ukuba bafumane ezinye iindlela ”.U-Amd ukholelwa ukuba imimiselo emitsha ayiyi kuba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwishishini layo.
Eli nyathelo litsha leWashington liye latsala umdla wamajelo eendaba kwesi siqithi.I-NVIDIA kunye ne-AMD ngabathengi abaphezulu abali-10 be-TSMC, ababalelwa malunga ne-10% yengeniso yayo.Ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwe-chip yabo kuyancipha, kuya kuchaphazela nokusebenza kwe-TSMC, Iindaba zeZhongshi zaseTaiwan zabika nge-1st.Ngokutsho kwengxelo, echaphazelekayo ngenxa yokuhla kwee-stocks zase-US kunye nokungeniswa ngokukhawuleza kwezithintelo zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwi-chips ye-intelligence ephezulu e-United States, i-stocks yaseTaiwan yavula iphantsi kwaye yawela ngomhla we-1.Ekuvaleni, “bawa” phantse ngamanqaku angama-300, kwaye ixabiso lesabelo se-TSMC lehla ngaphantsi kwe-NT $500 ekurhwebeni kwangaphambili.
Ukumisela "umda wokusebenza" kwiitshiphusi ezithunyelwa ngaphandle eTshayina?
Umphathi weshishini ekwenziwe udliwano-ndlebe naye yiWall Street Journal yahlalutya ukuba ukuvalwa akuchaphazeli kuphela i-NVIDIA kunye ne-AMD, kodwa ikwaseta “umda wokusebenza” kwezinye iitshiphusi eziphezulu ezijongene nekhompyutha yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa ukuba ithunyelwe eTshayina.Kwimbono yeReuters, izithintelo ezintsha zokuthumela ngaphandle kwetshiphu "ziphawula uphuculo olukhulu lohlaselo lwase-US kwisakhono sobuchwepheshe saseTshayina".
I-New York Times ikholelwa ukuba amanyathelo amatsha achasene ne-China kunye neRashiya yimizamo yamva nje eyenziwa ngurhulumente wase-US ukusebenzisa i-semiconductors njengesixhobo sokuthintela abakhuphisanayo ekwenzeni inkqubela phambili kwiikhomputha ezisebenza kakuhle, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nezinye iinkalo.Ukuvalwa kokuthumela ngaphandle yinxalenye yeenzame ze-United States ne-China zokukhuphisana ngesikhundla esiphambili sobuchwephesha obuphambili.
Kuxelwe ukuba i-A100, i-H100 kunye ne-mi250 chips zonke ziyimveliso ye-GPU (iprosesa yemizobo).Kwintsimi yobuchwephesha, i-GPU ngumthombo obalulekileyo wamandla ekhompyutheni kwiinkalo zamaziko edatha, iikhomputha eziphezulu zokusebenza kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa.AbakwaReuters bathi ukuba iitshiphusi eziphezulu zamashishini aseMelika afana ne-NVIDIA kunye ne-AMD azifumaneki, ukukwazi kwamashishini aseTshayina ukwenza imisebenzi ephezulu efana nomfanekiso kunye nokuqondwa kwelizwi kuya kuba buthathaka.Ukuqondwa komfanekiso kunye nokulungiswa kolwimi lwendalo zixhaphakile kwizicelo zefowuni ezihlakaniphile, ezifana nokuphendula imibuzo yabasebenzisi kunye nokumakisha iifoto.Le misebenzi ikwanazo izicelo zomkhosi, ezinjengokukhangela imifanekiso yesathelayithi equlethe izixhobo okanye iziseko zomkhosi, kunye nokucoca umxholo wonxibelelwano lwedijithali ukuqokelelwa kobukrelekrele.
Ikwalithuba eTshayina
Ngokutsho kweWall Street Journal, sele iyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba iUnited States ibeke izithintelo kurhwebo neTshayina kunye nokuthunyelwa kweetshiphusi kumazwe angaphandle.Embindini ka-Agasti, iUnited States yabhengeza ulawulo lokuthumela ngaphandle kwiitekhnoloji ezine, kubandakanya izixhobo zesoftware ye-EDA.I-2022 chip kunye noMthetho weSayensi osayinwe nguMongameli wase-US u-Biden ngo-Agasti we-9 uchaza ukuba amashishini afumana inkxaso ye-federal akakwazi ukunyusa kakhulu imveliso "yenkqubo ephuculweyo" ye-chips e-China (ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengebhekisela kwiichips ezingaphantsi kwe-28nm).Ukongeza, imithombo yeendaba yaseMelika idize ekupheleni kukaJulayi ukuba iinkampani ezimbini zezixhobo zetshiphu eUnited States ziqinisekisile ukuba iWashington yabacela ukuba bangaboneleli ngezixhobo zokuvelisa iitshiphusi ze-14 nm nangaphantsi ukuya eTshayina.
UGu Wenjun, umhlalutyi oyintloko we-SMIC yokubonisana, uxelele amaxesha ehlabathi ngomhla we-1 ukuba ngokuzisa uluhlu lwamanyathelo okuthintela, i-United States inenjongo yokucinezela uphuhliso lwamakhonkco aphezulu e-China kwinkalo yesayensi kunye neteknoloji.Ekuqaleni, yagweba iHuawei kunye ne-ZTE kwi-terminal part, kwaye kamva yajolisa i-Hisilicon kwintsimi yoyilo lwe-chip kunye ne-SMIC kwintsimi yokuvelisa i-chip.UGu Wenjun uthe ngexesha elifutshane, iUnited States inethemba "lokuqhawula" kwaye "iphule ikhonkco" eChina kwi-high-tech ye-chips.Ngexesha eliphakathi ukuya kwixesha elide, iUnited States inethemba lokuba yona kunye namahlakani ayo ayisayi kuphinda ithembele kakhulu kwimarike yaseTshayina kwaye inciphise ukutshintshiselana ngezinto zemveliso kunye neChina.
"Izithintelo ze-chip zase-US azikwazi ukumisa inkqubela phambili yeshishini le-semiconductor yaseTshayina."I-arhente yeendaba yesathelayithi yaseRashiya yacaphula abaphengululi besithi kwishishini langoku le-semiconductor, kuquka ne-China, iteknoloji yenkqubo ye-28nm isesisiseko kubakhiqizi abaninzi ukugcina inzuzo kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kuphando kunye nophuhliso lobuchwepheshe be-semiconductor.Itekhnoloji ye-chip ephezulu kakhulu iluncedo kakhulu, kodwa isabala umlinganiselo ophantsi weshishini lonke le-semiconductor.Ngokumalunga nokuba amanyathelo othintelo ase-US aya kuba nefuthe lexesha elide e-China, kuxhomekeke kuphuhliso lokwenziwa kunye noyilo lweshishini le-semiconductor yamva.Kwiminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kwe-20, uphuhliso lweshishini kufuneka lutshintshe kwaye itekhnoloji entsha inokuvela.
“Ngokwenye imbono, ukuvalwa kokuthunyelwa kwelizwe e-United States kukwalithuba kushishino lweetshiphu zasekhaya.Ngaphambili, bekukho ukusebenzisana okungonelanga phakathi kwamashishini anyukayo nasezantsi kwikhonkco leshishini leetshiphu zasekhaya, kodwa kwixa elizayo, siza komeleza ngakumbi ukutshintshwa kwasekhaya.U-Han Xiaomin, umphathi jikelele we-Jiwei Consulting, uxelele amaxesha ehlabathi ukuba amashishini asekhaya amashishini kufuneka aziseke kwimarike yasekhaya, ngokuthe ngcembe aseke inkqubo ye-chip egcweleyo yoshishino lwe-ecosystem, kwaye iphucule isakhono sokuchasa umngcipheko, ukhuphiswano kunye nempembelelo yehlabathi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-02-2022